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零拷贝技术介绍：史上最全零拷贝总结-CSDN博客

这是一个简单的基于epoll的Linux TCP代理程序，通过匿名管道和零拷贝技术的splice函数，将两个TCP端口相互连接，并转发数据。

#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "list.h"#define err(x) perror(x), exit(1)
#define NEW(x) ((x) = xmalloc(sizeof(*(x))))
#define MAX(a,b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))int connection_timeout = 5; /* XXX configurable */void oom(void)
{fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory\n");exit(1);
}void *xmalloc(size_t size)
{void *p = calloc(size, 1);if (!p)oom();return p;
}void *xrealloc(void *old, size_t size)
{void *p = realloc(old, size);if (!p)oom();return p;
}struct addrinfo *resolve(char *name, char *port, int flags)
{int ret;struct addrinfo *adr;struct addrinfo hint = { .ai_flags = flags };ret = getaddrinfo(name, port, &hint, &adr);if (ret) {fprintf(stderr, "proxy: Cannot resolve %s %s: %s\n",name, port, gai_strerror(ret));exit(1);}return adr;
}void setnonblock(int fd, int *cache)
{int flags;if (!cache || *cache == -1) {flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);if (cache)*cache = flags;} elseflags = *cache;fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags|O_NONBLOCK);
}struct buffer {int pipe[2];int bytes;
};struct conn {struct conn *other;int fd;struct buffer buf;time_t expire;struct list_head expire_node;
};LIST_HEAD(expire_list);#define MIN_EVENTS 32
struct epoll_event *events;
int num_events, max_events;int epoll_add(int efd, int fd, int revents, void *conn)
{struct epoll_event ev = { .events = revents, .data.ptr = conn };if (++num_events >= max_events) {max_events = MAX(max_events * 2, MIN_EVENTS);events = xrealloc(events, sizeof(struct epoll_event) * max_events);}return epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &ev);
}int epoll_del(int efd, int fd)
{num_events--;assert(num_events >= 0);return epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, fd, (void *)1L);
}/* Create buffer between two connections */
struct buffer *newbuffer(struct buffer *buf)
{if (pipe2(buf->pipe, O_NONBLOCK) < 0) {perror("pipe");return NULL;}return buf;
}void delbuffer(struct buffer *buf)
{close(buf->pipe[0]);close(buf->pipe[1]);
}void delconn(int efd, struct conn *conn)
{list_del(&conn->expire_node);delbuffer(&conn->buf);epoll_del(efd, conn->fd);close(conn->fd);free(conn);
}struct conn *newconn(int efd, int fd, time_t now)
{struct conn *conn;NEW(conn);conn->fd = fd;if (!newbuffer(&conn->buf)) {delconn(efd, conn);return NULL;}if (epoll_add(efd, fd, EPOLLIN|EPOLLOUT|EPOLLET, conn) < 0) {perror("epoll");delconn(efd, conn);return NULL;}conn->expire = now + connection_timeout;list_add_tail(&conn->expire_node, &expire_list);return conn;
}/* Process incoming connection. */
void new_request(int efd, int lfd, int *cache, time_t now)
{int newsk = accept(lfd, NULL, NULL);if (newsk < 0) {perror("accept");return;}// xxx logsetnonblock(newsk, cache);newconn(efd, newsk, now);
}/* Open outgoing connection */
struct conn *
openconn(int efd, struct addrinfo *host, int *cache, struct conn *other,time_t now)
{int outfd = socket(host->ai_family, SOCK_STREAM, 0);if (outfd < 0)return NULL;setnonblock(outfd, cache);int n = connect(outfd, host->ai_addr, host->ai_addrlen);if (n < 0 && errno != EINPROGRESS) {perror("connect");close(outfd);return NULL;}struct conn *conn = newconn(efd, outfd, now);if (conn) {conn->other = other;other->other = conn;}return conn;
}#define BUFSZ 16384 /* XXX *//* Move from socket to pipe */
bool move_data_in(int srcfd, struct buffer *buf)
{for (;;) {	int n = splice(srcfd, NULL, buf->pipe[1], NULL, BUFSZ, SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK|SPLICE_F_MOVE);if (n > 0)buf->bytes += n;if (n == 0)return false;if (n < 0) {if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK)return true;return false;}}return true;
}/* From pipe to socket */
bool move_data_out(struct buffer *buf, int dstfd)
{ while (buf->bytes > 0) {int bytes = buf->bytes;if (bytes > BUFSZ)bytes = BUFSZ;int n = splice(buf->pipe[0], NULL, dstfd, NULL,bytes, SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK|SPLICE_F_MOVE);if (n == 0)break;if (n < 0) {if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK)break;return false;}buf->bytes -= n;}/* bytes > 0, add dst to epoll set *//* else remove if it was added */return true;
}void closeconn(int efd, struct conn *conn)
{if (conn->other)delconn(efd, conn->other);delconn(efd, conn);		
}int expire_connections(int efd, time_t now)
{struct conn *conn, *tmp;list_for_each_entry_safe (conn, tmp, &expire_list, expire_node) {if (conn->expire > now)return (conn->expire - now) * 1000;closeconn(efd, conn);}return -1;
}void touch_conn(struct conn *conn, time_t now)
{conn->expire = now + connection_timeout;list_del(&conn->expire_node);list_add_tail(&conn->expire_node, &expire_list);
}int listen_socket(int efd, char *lname, char *port)
{struct addrinfo *laddr = resolve(lname, port, AI_PASSIVE);int lfd = socket(laddr->ai_family, SOCK_STREAM, 0);if (lfd < 0) err("socket");int opt = 1;if (setsockopt(lfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(int)) < 0) err("SO_REUSEADDR");if (bind(lfd, laddr->ai_addr, laddr->ai_addrlen) < 0) err("bind");if (listen(lfd, 20) < 0) err("listen");setnonblock(lfd, NULL);freeaddrinfo(laddr);if (epoll_add(efd, lfd, EPOLLIN, NULL) < 0) err("epoll add listen fd");return lfd;
}int main(int ac, char **av)
{if (ac != 4 && ac != 5) {fprintf(stderr,"Usage: proxy inport outhost outport [listenaddr]\n");exit(1);}struct addrinfo *outhost = resolve(av[2], av[3], 0);int efd = epoll_create(10);if (efd < 0) err("epoll_create");int lfd = listen_socket(efd, av[4] ? av[4] : "0.0.0.0", av[1]);int cache_in = -1, cache_out = -1;	int timeo = -1;for (;;) {int nfds = epoll_wait(efd, events, num_events, timeo);if (nfds < 0) {perror("epoll");continue;}time_t now = time(NULL);int i;for (i = 0; i < nfds; i++) { struct epoll_event *ev = &events[i];struct conn *conn = ev->data.ptr;/* listen socket */if (conn == NULL) {if (ev->events & EPOLLIN)new_request(efd, lfd, &cache_in, now);continue;} if (ev->events & (EPOLLERR|EPOLLHUP)) {closeconn(efd, conn);continue;}struct conn *other = conn->other;/* No attempt for partial close right now */if (ev->events & EPOLLIN) {touch_conn(conn, now);if (!other)other = openconn(efd, outhost, &cache_out,conn, now);bool in = move_data_in(conn->fd, &conn->buf);bool out = move_data_out(&conn->buf, other->fd);if (!in || !out) { closeconn(efd, conn);continue;}touch_conn(other, now);}	if ((ev->events & EPOLLOUT) && other) {if (!move_data_out(&other->buf, conn->fd))delconn(efd, conn);elsetouch_conn(conn, now);/* When the pipe filled up could havelost input events.  Unfortunatelysplice doesn't tell us which endwas responsible for 0, so have to askexplicitely. */int len = 0;if (ioctl(other->fd, FIONREAD, &len) < 0)perror("ioctl");if (len > 0) {if (!move_data_in(other->fd, &other->buf))closeconn(efd, other);}}}	timeo = expire_connections(efd, now);}return 0;
}