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前言
mysqldump是MySQL数据库中一个非常有用的命令行工具，用于备份和还原数据库。它可以将整个数据库或者特定的表导出为一个SQL文件，以便在需要时进行恢复或迁移。
使用mysqldump可以执行以下操作：
- 备份数据库：可以使用mysqldump命令将整个数据库备份到一个SQL文件中。这个文件包含了数据库的结构和数据，可以用于恢复数据库到原始状态。
- 备份特定表：如果只需要备份数据库中的某些表，可以使用mysqldump命令指定要备份的表名。
- 导出数据：除了备份整个数据库，还可以使用mysqldump导出表中的数据。这对于将数据从一个数据库迁移到另一个数据库非常有用。
- 还原数据库：使用mysqldump生成的SQL文件可以通过执行该文件来还原数据库。这将重新创建表结构并将数据插入到相应的表中。
mysqldump命令行帮助文档
C:\Users\m1562>mysqldump --help
mysqldump Ver 8.0.31 for Win64 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Dumping structure and contents of MySQL databases and tables.
Usage: mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables]
OR mysqldump [OPTIONS] --databases [OPTIONS] DB1 [DB2 DB3...]
OR mysqldump [OPTIONS] --all-databases [OPTIONS]Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
C:\Windows\my.ini C:\Windows\my.cnf C:\my.ini C:\my.cnf E:\mysql-8.0.31-winx64\my.ini E:\mysql-8.0.31-winx64\my.cnf
The following groups are read: mysqldump client
The following options may be given as the first argument:
--print-defaults Print the program argument list and exit.
--no-defaults Don't read default options from any option file,except for login file.
--defaults-file=# Only read default options from the given file #.
--defaults-extra-file=# Read this file after the global files are read.
--defaults-group-suffix=#Also read groups with concat(group, suffix)
--login-path=# Read this path from the login file.-A, --all-databases Dump all the databases. This will be same as --databaseswith all databases selected.-Y, --all-tablespacesDump all the tablespaces.-y, --no-tablespacesDo not dump any tablespace information.--add-drop-database Add a DROP DATABASE before each create.--add-drop-table Add a DROP TABLE before each create.(Defaults to on; use --skip-add-drop-table to disable.)--add-drop-trigger Add a DROP TRIGGER before each create.--add-locks Add locks around INSERT statements.(Defaults to on; use --skip-add-locks to disable.)--allow-keywords Allow creation of column names that are keywords.--apply-replica-statementsAdds 'STOP SLAVE' prior to 'CHANGE MASTER' and 'STARTSLAVE' to bottom of dump.--apply-slave-statementsThis option is deprecated and will be removed in a futureversion. Use apply-replica-statements instead.--bind-address=name IP address to bind to.--character-sets-dir=nameDirectory for character set files.--column-statistics Add an ANALYZE TABLE statement to regenerate any existingcolumn statistics.(Defaults to on; use --skip-column-statistics to disable.)-i, --comments Write additional information.(Defaults to on; use --skip-comments to disable.)--compatible=name Change the dump to be compatible with a given mode. Bydefault tables are dumped in a format optimized forMySQL. The only legal mode is ANSI.Note: Requires MySQLserver version 4.1.0 or higher. This option is ignoredwith earlier server versions.--compact Give less verbose output (useful for debugging). Disablesstructure comments and header/footer constructs. Enablesoptions --skip-add-drop-table --skip-add-locks--skip-comments --skip-disable-keys --skip-set-charset.-c, --complete-insertUse complete insert statements.-C, --compress Use compression in server/client protocol.-a, --create-optionsInclude all MySQL specific create options.(Defaults to on; use --skip-create-options to disable.)-B, --databases Dump several databases. Note the difference in usage; inthis case no tables are given. All name arguments areregarded as database names. 'USE db_name;' will beincluded in the output.-#, --debug[=#] This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.--debug-check This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.--debug-info This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.--default-character-set=nameSet the default character set.--delete-source-logsRotate logs before the backup, equivalent to FLUSH LOGS,and purge all old binary logs after the backup,equivalent to PURGE LOGS. This automatically enables--source-data.--delete-master-logsThis option is deprecated and will be removed in a futureversion. Use delete-source-logs instead.-K, --disable-keys '/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name DISABLE KEYS */; and'/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name ENABLE KEYS */; will be putin the output.(Defaults to on; use --skip-disable-keys to disable.)--dump-replica[=#] This causes the binary log position and filename of thesource to be appended to the dumped data output. Settingthe value to 1, will printit as a CHANGE MASTER commandin the dumped data output; if equal to 2, that commandwill be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option willturn --lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction isspecified too (in which case a global read lock is onlytaken a short time at the beginning of the dump - don'tforget to read about --single-transaction below). In allcases any action on logs will happen at the exact momentof the dump.Option automatically turns --lock-tables off.--dump-slave[=#] This option is deprecated and will be removed in a futureversion. Use dump-replica instead.-E, --events Dump events.-e, --extended-insertUse multiple-row INSERT syntax that include severalVALUES lists.(Defaults to on; use --skip-extended-insert to disable.)--fields-terminated-by=nameFields in the output file are terminated by the givenstring.--fields-enclosed-by=nameFields in the output file are enclosed by the givencharacter.--fields-optionally-enclosed-by=nameFields in the output file are optionally enclosed by thegiven character.--fields-escaped-by=nameFields in the output file are escaped by the givencharacter.-F, --flush-logs Flush logs file in server before starting dump. Note thatif you dump many databases at once (using the option--databases= or --all-databases), the logs will beflushed for each database dumped. The exception is whenusing --lock-all-tables or --source-data: in this casethe logs will be flushed only once, corresponding to themoment all tables are locked. So if you want your dumpand the log flush to happen at the same exact moment youshould use --lock-all-tables or --source-data with--flush-logs.--flush-privileges Emit a FLUSH PRIVILEGES statement after dumping the mysqldatabase. This option should be used any time the dumpcontains the mysql database and any other database thatdepends on the data in the mysql database for properrestore.-f, --force Continue even if we get an SQL error.-?, --help Display this help message and exit.--hex-blob Dump binary strings (BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB) inhexadecimal format.-h, --host=name Connect to host.--ignore-error=name A comma-separated list of error numbers to be ignored ifencountered during dump.--ignore-table=name Do not dump the specified table. To specify more than onetable to ignore, use the directive multiple times, oncefor each table. Each table must be specified with bothdatabase and table names, e.g.,--ignore-table=database.table.--include-source-host-portAdds 'MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>' to 'CHANGEMASTER TO..' in dump produced with --dump-replica.--include-master-host-portThis option is deprecated and will be removed in a futureversion. Use include-source-host-port instead.--insert-ignore Insert rows with INSERT IGNORE.--lines-terminated-by=nameLines in the output file are terminated by the givenstring.-x, --lock-all-tablesLocks all tables across all databases. This is achievedby taking a global read lock for the duration of thewhole dump. Automatically turns --single-transaction and--lock-tables off.-l, --lock-tables Lock all tables for read.(Defaults to on; use --skip-lock-tables to disable.)--log-error=name Append warnings and errors to given file.--mysqld-long-query-time=#Set long_query_time for the session of this dump.Ommitting flag means using the server value.--source-data[=#] This causes the binary log position and filename to beappended to the output. If equal to 1, will print it as aCHANGE MASTER command; if equal to 2, that command willbe prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will turn--lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction isspecified too (in which case a global read lock is onlytaken a short time at the beginning of the dump; don'tforget to read about --single-transaction below). In allcases, any action on logs will happen at the exact momentof the dump. Option automatically turns --lock-tablesoff.--master-data[=#] This option is deprecated and will be removed in a futureversion. Use source-data instead.--max-allowed-packet=#The maximum packet length to send to or receive fromserver.--net-buffer-length=#The buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication.--no-autocommit Wrap tables with autocommit/commit statements.-n, --no-create-db Suppress the CREATE DATABASE ... IF EXISTS statement thatnormally is output for each dumped database if--all-databases or --databases is given.-t, --no-create-infoDon't write table creation info.-d, --no-data No row information.-N, --no-set-names Same as --skip-set-charset.--opt Same as --add-drop-table, --add-locks, --create-options,--quick, --extended-insert, --lock-tables, --set-charset,and --disable-keys. Enabled by default, disable with--skip-opt.--order-by-primary Sorts each table's rows by primary key, or first uniquekey, if such a key exists. Useful when dumping a MyISAMtable to be loaded into an InnoDB table, but will makethe dump itself take considerably longer.-p, --password[=name]Password to use when connecting to server. If password isnot given it's asked from the tty.-,, --password1[=name]Password for first factor authentication plugin.-,, --password2[=name]Password for second factor authentication plugin.-,, --password3[=name]Password for third factor authentication plugin.-W, --pipe Use named pipes to connect to server.-P, --port=# Port number to use for connection.--protocol=name The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe,memory).-q, --quick Don't buffer query, dump directly to stdout.(Defaults to on; use --skip-quick to disable.)-Q, --quote-names Quote table and column names with backticks (`).(Defaults to on; use --skip-quote-names to disable.)--replace Use REPLACE INTO instead of INSERT INTO.-r, --result-file=nameDirect output to a given file. This option should be usedin systems (e.g., DOS, Windows) that use carriage-returnlinefeed pairs (\r\n) to separate text lines. This optionensures that only a single newline is used.-R, --routines Dump stored routines (functions and procedures).--set-charset Add 'SET NAMES default_character_set' to the output.(Defaults to on; use --skip-set-charset to disable.)--set-gtid-purged[=name]Add 'SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' to the output. Possiblevalues for this option are ON, COMMENTED, OFF and AUTO.If ON is used and GTIDs are not enabled on the server, anerror is generated. If COMMENTED is used, 'SET@@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' is added as a comment. If OFF isused, this option does nothing. If AUTO is used and GTIDsare enabled on the server, 'SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' isadded to the output. If GTIDs are disabled, AUTO doesnothing. If no value is supplied then the default (AUTO)value will be considered.--shared-memory-base-name=nameBase name of shared memory.--single-transactionCreates a consistent snapshot by dumping all tables in asingle transaction. Works ONLY for tables stored instorage engines which support multiversioning (currentlyonly InnoDB does); the dump is NOT guaranteed to beconsistent for other storage engines. While a--single-transaction dump is in process, to ensure avalid dump file (correct table contents and binary logposition), no other connection should use the followingstatements: ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE,TRUNCATE TABLE, as consistent snapshot is not isolatedfrom them. Option automatically turns off --lock-tables.--dump-date Put a dump date to the end of the output.(Defaults to on; use --skip-dump-date to disable.)--skip-opt Disable --opt. Disables --add-drop-table, --add-locks,--create-options, --quick, --extended-insert,--lock-tables, --set-charset, and --disable-keys.-S, --socket=name The socket file to use for connection.--server-public-key-path=nameFile path to the server public RSA key in PEM format.--get-server-public-keyGet server public key--ssl-mode=name SSL connection mode.--ssl-ca=name CA file in PEM format.--ssl-capath=name CA directory.--ssl-cert=name X509 cert in PEM format.--ssl-cipher=name SSL cipher to use.--ssl-key=name X509 key in PEM format.--ssl-crl=name Certificate revocation list.--ssl-crlpath=name Certificate revocation list path.--tls-version=name TLS version to use, permitted values are: TLSv1.2,TLSv1.3--ssl-fips-mode=nameSSL FIPS mode (applies only for OpenSSL); permittedvalues are: OFF, ON, STRICT--tls-ciphersuites=nameTLS v1.3 cipher to use.--ssl-session-data=nameSession data file to use to enable ssl session reuse--ssl-session-data-continue-on-failed-reuseIf set to ON, this option will allow connection tosucceed even if session data cannot be reused.-T, --tab=name Create tab-separated textfile for each table to givenpath. (Create .sql and .txt files.) NOTE: This only worksif mysqldump is run on the same machine as the mysqldserver.--tables Overrides option --databases (-B).--triggers Dump triggers for each dumped table.(Defaults to on; use --skip-triggers to disable.)--tz-utc SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' at top of dump to allow dumping ofTIMESTAMP data when a server has data in different timezones or data is being moved between servers withdifferent time zones.(Defaults to on; use --skip-tz-utc to disable.)-u, --user=name User for login if not current user.-v, --verbose Print info about the various stages.-V, --version Output version information and exit.-w, --where=name Dump only selected records. Quotes are mandatory.-X, --xml Dump a database as well formed XML.--plugin-dir=name Directory for client-side plugins.--default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use.--enable-cleartext-pluginEnable/disable the clear text authentication plugin.-M, --network-timeoutAllows huge tables to be dumped by settingmax_allowed_packet to maximum value andnet_read_timeout/net_write_timeout to large value.(Defaults to on; use --skip-network-timeout to disable.)--show-create-table-skip-secondary-engineControls whether SECONDARY_ENGINE CREATE TABLE clauseshould be dumped or not. No effect on older servers thatdo not support the server side option.--compression-algorithms=nameUse compression algorithm in server/client protocol.Valid values are any combination of'zstd','zlib','uncompressed'.--zstd-compression-level=#Use this compression level in the client/server protocol,in case --compression-algorithms=zstd. Valid range isbetween 1 and 22, inclusive. Default is 3.--skip-generated-invisible-primary-keyControls whether generated invisible primary key and keycolumn should be dumped or not.Variables (--variable-name=value)
and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE} Value (after reading options)
----------------------------------------- --------------------------------
all-databases FALSE
all-tablespaces FALSE
no-tablespaces FALSE
add-drop-database FALSE
add-drop-table TRUE
add-drop-trigger FALSE
add-locks TRUE
allow-keywords FALSE
apply-replica-statements FALSE
apply-slave-statements FALSE
bind-address (No default value)
character-sets-dir (No default value)
column-statistics TRUE
comments TRUE
compatible (No default value)
compact FALSE
complete-insert FALSE
compress FALSE
create-options TRUE
databases FALSE
default-character-set utf8
delete-source-logs FALSE
delete-master-logs FALSE
disable-keys TRUE
dump-replica 0
dump-slave 0
events FALSE
extended-insert TRUE
fields-terminated-by (No default value)
fields-enclosed-by (No default value)
fields-optionally-enclosed-by (No default value)
fields-escaped-by (No default value)
flush-logs FALSE
flush-privileges FALSE
force FALSE
hex-blob FALSE
host (No default value)
ignore-error (No default value)
include-source-host-port FALSE
include-master-host-port FALSE
insert-ignore FALSE
lines-terminated-by (No default value)
lock-all-tables FALSE
lock-tables TRUE
log-error (No default value)
mysqld-long-query-time 0
source-data 0
master-data 0
max-allowed-packet 25165824
net-buffer-length 1046528
no-autocommit FALSE
no-create-db FALSE
no-create-info FALSE
no-data FALSE
order-by-primary FALSE
port 3306
quick TRUE
quote-names TRUE
replace FALSE
routines FALSE
set-charset TRUE
shared-memory-base-name (No default value)
single-transaction FALSE
dump-date TRUE
socket (No default value)
server-public-key-path (No default value)
get-server-public-key FALSE
ssl-ca (No default value)
ssl-capath (No default value)
ssl-cert (No default value)
ssl-cipher (No default value)
ssl-key (No default value)
ssl-crl (No default value)
ssl-crlpath (No default value)
tls-version (No default value)
tls-ciphersuites (No default value)
ssl-session-data (No default value)
ssl-session-data-continue-on-failed-reuse FALSE
tab (No default value)
triggers TRUE
tz-utc TRUE
user (No default value)
verbose FALSE
where (No default value)
plugin-dir (No default value)
default-auth (No default value)
enable-cleartext-plugin FALSE
network-timeout TRUE
show-create-table-skip-secondary-engine FALSE
compression-algorithms (No default value)
zstd-compression-level 3
skip-generated-invisible-primary-key FALSE
导出数据库表
要导出的是数据库mysql5.6.17
参考: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/269983875
mysqldump -uroot -p --host=192.168.102.45 --port=3306 --column-statistics=0 --databases xxxdatabase > C:\Users\m1562\Downloads\mysql\xxxdatabase.sql
之前导出的时候还遇到了一个错误
mysqldump: Couldn't execute 'SELECT COLUMN_NAME, JSON_EXTRACT(HISTOGRAM, '$."number-of-buckets-specified"') FROM information_schema.COLUMN_STATISTICS WHERE SCHEMA_NAME = 'eci_zjz_admin' AND TABLE_NAME = 'sys_app';': Unknown table 'column_statistics' in information_schema (1109)
因为这个错误，所以加上了--column-statistics=0，才正常导出
导入到mysql8.0
方式一，连接到数据库后从本地文件中恢复
直接用source命令导入，但是需要先连接到mysql中，mysql命令行-连接到数据库
source C:\Users\m1562\Downloads\mysql\xxxdatabase.sql
方式二，一行命令导入msyql
mysql -uroot -p123456 < C:\Users\m1562\Downloads\mysql\xxxdatabase.sql