阿里云网站建设部署与发布视频网络营销的实现方式
一、概述
1.1 redhat7.9 定制镜像上传到云平台。 这个制作镜像得方式适用于多种iso 镜像。
将iso 镜像通过vmware 创建出一台虚机，对虚机做一些基础配置。在虚机上安装kvm 虚拟化得工具， 将iso 镜像在导入虚机种通过kvm创建一下虚机， 虚机创建出来后会进入安装得界面无法自己引导安装， 所以我们通过图形化界面virt-manager 或者console 方法进入引导得界面，将虚机生产出来，此时得虚机是允许在qcow2 里，然后我对这个镜像做定制得配置或者按照。
二、开始制作镜像
2.1 通过vmware 创建新的虚机
2.2 创建自定义虚拟机
2.3 指定系统磁盘容量，大小根据自己实际分配
2.4 自定义硬件，移除其他不必要的硬件，根据自己实际移除。
2.5 指定启动光盘
2.6 启动虚拟机
2.7 根据自身选择语言
本次测试选择英文
2.8 根据需求选择安装信息
本次安装是最小安装模式
2.9 进入分区
2.10 设置密码
2.11 创建完成后重启虚机，登录虚机
**到此镜像就准备差不多了，如果需要下载安装报自己做一个网络源安装所需要得软件包 **
三、定制配置信息
3.1 指定网卡名为eth0（根据需求来做，需要就做，不需要跳过就好）
修改网卡配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens32 /home/ifcfg-ens32
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 /home/ifcfg-ens33[root@localhost network-scripts]# mv ifcfg-ens32 ifcfg-eth0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# sed -i 's/ens32/eth0/g' ifcfg-eth0
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=eth0
UUID=8221b333-543f-4818-b4a1-b3ac55933901
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes[root@localhost network-scripts]# mv ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-eth1
[root@localhost network-scripts]# sed -i 's/ens33/eth1/g' ifcfg-eth1
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-eth1
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=eth1
UUID=59748da2-300f-41c4-9711-1052e2525cd8
DEVICE=eth1
ONBOOT=yes
3.2 修改/etc/sysconfig/grub，给GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX参数中增加net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/grub
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"
GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
3.3 添加udev网卡规则
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lovalid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverinet6 ::1/128 scope hostvalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:bd:47:6b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000link/ether 00:0c:29:bd:47:75 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffinet 192.168.111.136/24 brd 192.168.111.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens33valid_lft 1651sec preferred_lft 1651secinet6 fe80::478d:2a32:d1fc:48dd/64 scope link noprefixroutevalid_lft forever preferred_lft forever[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-ipoib.rulesACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="net", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{type}=="32", ATTR{address}=="自己本地得mac地址", NAME="eth0"ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="net", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{type}=="33", ATTR{address}=="自己本地得mac地址", NAME="eth1"
3.4 生成系统引导文件
[root@localhost ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-5ac3927ec296497d93cca4c4ef73aedc
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-5ac3927ec296497d93cca4c4ef73aedc.img
done
重启虚机，可以观察到网卡已经被更正为eth0、eth1
3.5 创建网络yum源
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat-aliyun.repo
[aliyun]
name=aliyun
baseurl= https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-managerThis system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.aliyun | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): aliyun/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:01
(2/2): aliyun/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:42
repo id repo name status
aliyun aliyun 10,072
repolist: 10,072
3.5 软件包安装，禁用selinux
禁用selinux
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/selinux/config | grep SELINUX
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
卸载防火墙与NetworkManager
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum remove -y NetworkManager-* firewalld-* python-firewall
Loaded plugins: product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-managerThis system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7 will be erased
---> Package NetworkManager-config-server.noarch 1:1.18.8-1.el7 will be erased
---> Package NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7 will be erased
---> Package NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7 will be erased
---> Package NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7 will be erased
---> Package firewalld.noarch 0:0.6.3-11.el7 will be erased
---> Package firewalld-filesystem.noarch 0:0.6.3-11.el7 will be erased
---> Package python-firewall.noarch 0:0.6.3-11.el7 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Removing:NetworkManager x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7 @anaconda/7.9 5.1 MNetworkManager-config-server noarch 1:1.18.8-1.el7 @anaconda/7.9 463NetworkManager-libnm x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7 @anaconda/7.9 8.5 MNetworkManager-team x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7 @anaconda/7.9 40 kNetworkManager-tui x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7 @anaconda/7.9 648 kfirewalld noarch 0.6.3-11.el7 @anaconda/7.9 1.9 Mfirewalld-filesystem noarch 0.6.3-11.el7 @anaconda/7.9 239python-firewall noarch 0.6.3-11.el7 @anaconda/7.9 1.9 MTransaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Remove 8 PackagesInstalled size: 18 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transactionErasing : firewalld-0.6.3-11.el7.noarch 1/8Erasing : 1:NetworkManager-tui-1.18.8-1.el7.x86_64 2/8Erasing : firewalld-filesystem-0.6.3-11.el7.noarch 3/8Erasing : python-firewall-0.6.3-11.el7.noarch 4/8Erasing : 1:NetworkManager-config-server-1.18.8-1.el7.noarch 5/8Erasing : 1:NetworkManager-team-1.18.8-1.el7.x86_64 6/8Erasing : 1:NetworkManager-1.18.8-1.el7.x86_64 7/8Erasing : 1:NetworkManager-libnm-1.18.8-1.el7.x86_64 8/8Verifying : python-firewall-0.6.3-11.el7.noarch 1/8Verifying : firewalld-filesystem-0.6.3-11.el7.noarch 2/8Verifying : 1:NetworkManager-tui-1.18.8-1.el7.x86_64 3/8Verifying : firewalld-0.6.3-11.el7.noarch 4/8Verifying : 1:NetworkManager-1.18.8-1.el7.x86_64 5/8Verifying : 1:NetworkManager-libnm-1.18.8-1.el7.x86_64 6/8Verifying : 1:NetworkManager-config-server-1.18.8-1.el7.noarch 7/8Verifying : 1:NetworkManager-team-1.18.8-1.el7.x86_64 8/8Removed:NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7 NetworkManager-config-server.noarch 1:1.18.8-1.el7 NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7 NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7 NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:1.18.8-1.el7firewalld.noarch 0:0.6.3-11.el7 firewalld-filesystem.noarch 0:0.6.3-11.el7 python-firewall.noarch 0:0.6.3-11.el7Complete!
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#
安装系统常用命令
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y net-tools vim-enhanced bridge-utils psmisc java
四、打包镜像
4.1 安装生产镜像软件包
[root@localhost ~]# yum install qemu-img -y
4.2 将系统盘生成为qcow2镜像
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2 /dev/sda /home/redhat7.9.qcow2
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll /home/
total 2098628
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1982857216 Feb 21 02:22 redhat7.9.qcow2
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# qemu-img info /home/redhat7.9.qcow2
image: /home/redhat7.9.qcow2
file format: qcow2
virtual size: 60G (64424509440 bytes)
disk size: 2.0G
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:compat: 1.1lazy refcounts: false
将/home/redhat7.9.qcow2 拉取下来上传云平台即可，若是需要安装其他得软件自行安装，安装完在将系统盘生成为qcow2镜像即可。